17 Signs You Are Working With Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is vulnerable to populist impulses. However, it is more stable than what one might expect.
The country is looking for an innovative development paradigm. A Confucian culture that stresses respect for the ancestors and gendered family relations continues influence society. There are indications of a secularist culture trend emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of the modern Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild food. In the tens of thousands of years after, they began to grow crops like millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and made furs. They created tribal states in Manchuria, and then on the Korean peninsula. They also developed an industry for metalworking, which produced bronze tools, and later iron tools. They also traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan and also styles of art and a written language and paper making.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. At this time the inhabitants of Buyeo were part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society in which a monarch and top officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the rest of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from the citizens and often required them to serve in the army or participate in government projects such as building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo and the state of Baekje at the end of the period. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and clashed against the Goguryeo commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian beliefs into its official belief system and made the male-centric filiopiety idea an official doctrine in 1390 CE. Under the guise filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obedient to everyone and respected even by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, who ruled from 918 to 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet built on the patterns created by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable type were also improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi, or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was first recorded.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form of cist graves that were lined with stone, with precious items such as amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens and constructed of single large stones, are widespread throughout the country.
Gojoseon was the first state to be recognized during the first half of 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was later under the control of a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern portion of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. Of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all, but its dynasty ended with the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE leaving the southern provinces of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy flourished for a short time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to work together to expand their territories. Silla, with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters the post-crisis era the development paradigm of the country is in flux. People who are shocked by the costs of the old systems advocate a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand, people who support the old system attempt to preserve it through nationalist sentiments and by inflating fears about potential job loss.
Analysts and academics are divided about the extent to which Korea's evolution is influenced by these two trends. This article reviews developments to date, by looking at five phases of Korea's political development that include democratic illiberalism (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also identifies significant factors that may be influencing these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this segment. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there wasn't enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% of respondents said that the theory did not align with their beliefs and 17% said it was difficult to grasp. This level of disbelief is comparable to that of the United States, where a similar percentage of people do not accept that humans evolved from less advanced species of life.
In the past, most of the anti-evolution movement in Korea was focused on teaching college students and bringing them to Christ. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. This event drew an audience of scientists, professors and church leaders.
The success of this event led to the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st 1981. The event was widely covered in the national media, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR started publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the organization reported on its own activities and published articles on the scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR, as well as a few books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country.
A KACR success was witnessed at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, there were enough students fascinated by the concept of creationism that they raised enough money and support to construct a small museum on campus featuring creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION which covers topics in creation science, and it has hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also organized a network of local branches that hold seminars and give talks to schoolchildren and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of 20th, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. During this time the samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, were popular with the general public. These dramatic pieces were read more performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums and various musical instruments.
Korea's new development paradigm is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The primary challenge facing the new regime is the balance between state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring, or disciplining schemes which have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.
The Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other regions, as well as immigrants from northern China. Baekje was an important regional power in the early 4th Century expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. The kingdom was in constant conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanders at the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. After Gungye's defeat, he was overthrown by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935, Later Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as a successor state. In addition, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized government system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.